This terminology opens up the possibilities associated with the radical transformation of existing buildings, via parasitic connections, rather than the unsustainable practise of starting again or “tabular rasa”. It follows for Goodwin, that the carbon footprint of any new action should be fundamental within the idea. A parasite can be symbiotic rather than destructive of its host. Equally, new structures can infiltrate buildings as well as bridge them together, or attach to all the vertical extremities. The need for more public space in cities encourages the creation of new ground planes. Hence Goodwin’s idea and architectural typology inspired by a coral reef. In his mind the coral reef being the perfect metaphor for an expanding city.